ICJ Affirms Healthy Environment as Human Right, Mandates Climate Action
The ICJ ruled on 23 July 2025 that climate-harming actions are illegal, holding countries accountable for emissions and urging action to address the urgent climate crisis.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague ruled on 23 July 2025 that government actions causing climate change are illegal, holding countries accountable for their emissions. The ruling marks a significant step in addressing the global climate crisis.
The ICJ’s advisory opinion, unanimously adopted by all 15 judges, was requested by the UN Secretary-General in April 2023. It states that climate change treaties impose binding obligations on countries to protect the climate system and environment from human-caused greenhouse gas emissions. The ruling describes climate change as an urgent, existential threat, emphasising the legal responsibility of nations to act.
This decision, driven by demands from Pacific youth, island nations, and a coalition of civil society and indigenous groups, provides clarity on the legal and moral obligations under international law. It is expected to influence upcoming COP30 negotiations in Belem, Brazil, and revive global climate talks, which have been stalled by conflicts and anti-climate rhetoric. The ruling strengthens the position of climate-vulnerable countries, including India and its South Asian neighbours, which face significant climate impacts.
According to the United Nations Environment Programme’s Adaptation Gap Report 2023, developing countries could face climate-related losses of £215 billion to £387 billion annually by 2030 without enhanced adaptation efforts. The ICJ’s opinion reinforces calls for climate justice, urging high-emitting nations to support vulnerable countries disproportionately affected by climate change.
The ruling could shape international climate policies and encourage stronger commitments to emission reductions. It highlights the need for collective action to mitigate the impacts of climate change, particularly for nations with limited resources to adapt. As global attention turns to COP30, the ICJ’s decision may push for more ambitious climate targets and accountability mechanisms.
In conclusion, the ICJ’s ruling marks a pivotal moment in global climate governance. By declaring climate-harming actions illegal, it sets a legal precedent for holding countries accountable. This decision could drive momentum for climate justice and stronger international cooperation, supporting vulnerable nations in their fight against climate impacts.
Source: Outlook Business
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