At the 16th India-Japan Annual Summit, India and Japan signed several important agreements on clean energy, critical minerals and sustainable mobility, further strengthening the clean energy dimension of their bilateral cooperation.

A Joint Declaration on Economic Security was signed to advance joint efforts in project development and innovation across key sectors such as semiconductors, critical minerals, clean energy, artificial intelligence and pharmaceuticals, which are seen as key areas of shared resilience.

The Joint Statement on Energy Resilience from the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas in India and the Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry (METI), Japan is an effort to enhance cooperation in strategic petroleum reserves, petroleum inventories and investments in the value chain of energy shipping by sea.

A Memorandum of Cooperation was signed under the 'India-Japan Cooperative Biogas for Growth' (CBG) Initiative to promote the setting up of 1,000 biogas and organic fertilizer plants throughout India using the vast network of dairy cooperatives in the country.

The two countries also signed an MoU on Batteries, which focuses on enabling a trusted, resilient and sustainable battery supply chain, a vital component of the clean energy transition. To support this, a Memorandum of Cooperation on Geology and Mineral Exploration was signed to promote the exchange of technical expertise for the exploration of critical minerals.

Further advancing the sustainability agenda, the Next Generation Mobility Partnership (NGMP), announced at the 15th India-Japan Annual Summit in August 2025, was operationalised under a dedicated Memorandum of Cooperation, creating a framework to fast-track cooperation between private players in the railways, automotive, aviation, shipbuilding, ports, logistics and urban development sectors, supporting India's ambition to become a manufacturing and export hub under the Make in India initiative for third-country markets.