Spotify’s Shift to Video Raises Concerns Over Streaming’s Carbon Footprint

Spotify's expansion into video-based music streaming, with 675 million active users on the platform at present, is expected to significantly impact its environmental footprint. Despite having published carbon footprint reports, Spotify has not released comprehensive environmental data since 2021. With the rise of AI-driven personalized ads and bespoke user experiences, video content is increasingly being prioritized over audio streaming, which requires more energy and carbon footprints. The new wave comes at a high cost: 17% 

Approximately 55g of CO2e is generated per hour from video streaming, which accounts for roughly 50 times more CO 2 emissions than audio streaming. The Carbon Trust stated that this number is roughly equivalent to microwaving four bags of popcorn.. Increasing video feature use on sites such as Spotify is driven by factors including higher screen resolutions, larger devices and algorithms that require continuous data processing. 

The integration into video entails more accountability from end users and content creators.'... As consumers take on a portion of the responsibility for sustainability in tech, users must now make more conscious choices about streaming quality, device usage and resolution preferences. When watching videos, energy consumption can increase significantly due to higher resolutions or larger screens. 

The carbon footprint of streaming differs depending on the energy mix of a particular country. Due to its heavy reliance on coal and fossil fuels, Germany has the highest footprint globally, with 76g of CO2e per hour. A combination of renewables, natural gas, and nuclear power is responsible for generating 48g in the UK. France has the lowest footprint, emitting no more than 10g CO2e per hour, thanks to its nuclear energy infrastructure. 

Even with this change in responsibilities, the main responsibility lies with tech giants. Spotify and other companies must demonstrate transparency and reduce their carbon footprint through active participation, as advised by experts. Large tech firms are essential for the achievement of global climate goals, including net-zero targets. Why? Yet, regulatory gaps remain. As an example, the US, which is home to some of the largest tech firms globally, has exhibited inconsistency in its climate commitments by withdrawing from both Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol in 2020. 

"Digital sobriety" is being advocated for by organizations like the Shift Project in France, which involves the deliberate use of digital technologies. Small behavioural changes are believed to have a substantial impact on the collective consciousness. If the UK sends fewer emails per person each day, this would reduce emissions by more than 16,000 tonnes annually. Individually, suggestions comprise of refraining from streaming unnatural footage, opting for audio-only formats whenever feasible, downloading frequently accessed content, and decreasing auto-play options. It is recommended to disable video during online meetings, as it generates 25 times more carbon dioxide than audio-only calls. Why? 

While video streaming requires more energy, it still retains cultural significance. Music videos are not just for entertainment, but also serve as a powerful tool for social expression and cultural representation. Mona Haydar and Drillminister are examples of how artists can use their images to challenge societal expectations and highlight significant political and social issues. A storytelling technique that merges sound and visual elements can enhance voices from marginalized groups. This is a type of storytelling. 

There's a double standard: the environmental costs of video streaming have to be balanced with the potential for creative expression. Users can take practical measures to limit unnecessary streaming and lower resolution settings, while companies must prioritize greener infrastructure and transparent reporting. 

Spotify's expansion into video is a clear indication of the company'regular approach, but it also serves as homage to the hidden expenses of everyday digital consumption. A more extensive focus on awareness and action from both tech companies and users is necessary to reduce the carbon footprint of streaming technologies. 

Source & Credits: 
Originally published on The Conversation by Hussein Boon. Andrew Zinin reviews, Gaby Clark edits.. 
Provided by: The Conversation | Image credit: Unsplash / CC0. Public Domain.