India Advances Sustainable Coal Mining, Cuts Emissions

India has been proactively engaged in sustainable coal mining practices in accordance with its Panchamrit commitments and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The Ministry of Coal has brought forth various initiatives to bring down carbon emissions while maintaining that coal production should be environmentally friendly. These initiatives are centered around greening activities, energy efficiency, technological innovations, and the application of renewable energy in mining processes.

One of the key measures initiated is large-scale bio-reclamation and afforestation in coal as well as lignite mines. The Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in the coal industry are putting in serious efforts to restore natural balance in mining areas by undertaking large-scale plantation. This not only serves to decrease the carbon footprint of mining operations but also helps maintain biodiversity.

In an effort to make energy usage more efficient, numerous initiatives have been undertaken in coal and lignite PSUs. The use of LED lighting, energy-saving air conditioners, super fans, electric cars, and advanced water heating equipment is gaining popularity. Moreover, high-efficiency motors are being employed in pumps, and automatic timers are being placed in street lights to save energy. These efforts cumulatively help decrease carbon emissions in coal mining activities.

Another significant measure towards sustainability is the Green Credit Programme, under which coal PSUs are undertaking massive plantation drives. The programme, introduced by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), incentivizes companies to organize environmental restoration while gaining credits for their role in the greening movement.

In an attempt to decrease the carbon footprint generated by coal movement, PSUs are moving to mechanized systems of handling and loading coal. The development of First Mile Connectivity (FMC) projects intends to lower dependency on diesel transport by promoting coal movement using conveyor belts and rail sidings as opposed to road transport. This drastically minimizes vehicular emissions and enhances the quality of air in the areas of mining.

Incorporating new mining technology has also been a priority. The use of surface miners and continuous miners has assisted in minimizing the use of traditional drilling and blasting, which are notorious for causing dust and emissions. Rippers are also being utilized in certain mines for blast-free removal of overburden, further minimizing the environmental footprint of coal mining. These technologies not only enhance efficiency but also help in a cleaner way of mining by restraining pollution resulting from conventional methods.

Induction of renewable energy in the coal industry is picking up speed. Coal PSUs are now investing more in solar and wind energy projects to minimize their fossil fuel dependence. In addition to this, initiatives are being taken to research clean coal technologies like gasification of coal and extraction of coal bed methane (CBM). These efforts are aimed at using coal resources in a cleaner way while diminishing total carbon emissions.

Environmental coal production is encouraged through the imposition of tough compliance with environmental standards. The firms are compelled to secure environmental clearances, forest clearances, and relevant permits prior to the commencement of activities. Monitoring measures are provided for to check whether mining activities conform to environmental standards, and other measures are being undertaken to counteract pollution and land degradation.

Efforts towards enhancing energy efficiency on all coal mining projects are underway, and the growing use of First Mile Connectivity projects remains a priority. At the same time, focus is high on reclamation and eco-restoration of mined-out lands. A number of coal firms are creating eco-parks and mine tourism destinations in reclaimed mining areas, transforming once-degraded landscapes into sustainable and ecologically sound places.

De-coaled sites are being utilized for other sustainable purposes. These involve the construction of renewable energy generation facilities, development of farming activities for local populations, and water reservoir construction in old mining shafts. Not only do such activities assist in the restoration of the environment but also bring economic gains to surrounding communities through alternative livelihood opportunities.

Currently, there is no particular regulation requiring mining companies to re-evaluate their Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) relating to carbon emissions at specific intervals. Nevertheless, ongoing endeavors are being directed toward incorporating progressively more environmentally friendly practices into mining processes. As India strives forward towards a low-carbon economy, these efforts will prove pivotal in minimizing the environmental impact of coal mining while fulfilling the energy requirements of the nation in a sustainable manner.